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Painting: Painting and Visual Traditions from Around the World

Resources for ART 111, 123, 223

Contents

Painting and visual traditions from around the world:

General

Africa

African art describes modern and historical paintings, sculptures, textile art, metal work, installations and other visual culture from indigenous Africans and the African continent.

Geographical areas: West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast); East Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania); Central Africa (Congo, Chad, Gabon); Southern Africa (Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa); North Africa (Egypt, Nubia and Sudan).

Traditional cultural groups: Igbo; Yoruba; Benin; Kuba; Luba; Djenne-Djenno, Bambara, Dogon, Sao, Mapungubwe, Ndebele

Thematic elements: Expressive individualism (Western African art, ex. Dan artistry); emphasis on the human figure (seen throughout the continent, greatly influenced European art traditions); visual abstraction (as opposed to realism).

Selected African painters: William Kentridge (South Africa), Cheri Samba (Democratic Republic of Congo), Peju Alatise (Nigeria), Aboudia Abdoulaye Diarrassouba (Ivory Coast), Lionel Smit (South Africa), Ransome Stanley (Nigerian), Kudzanai Chiurai (Zimbabwe), Julie Mehretu (Ethiopia), Ibrahim El Salahi (Sudan),  

Asia

Asian art covers a vast range of cultures, religions, and regions of the Asian content comprised of Central, East, South, Southeast, and West Asia. Many of these cultures mixes through the silk road transmission of art, cultural exchange through trade, colonization, and globalization.

Geographical areas: Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan); East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan); South East Asia (Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines, Laos, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, Eaast Timor, Brunei, Myanmar); South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka); West Asia (Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yem

Selected Periods and Styles:

  • Chinese periods and styles: Su, Tang and Five dynasties (581-979); Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties (907-1368); Later imperial China (1368-1895); Modern painting (1978-present); shansui (mountain water) paintings;  shan shui (moutain river) paintings; Gongbi and Xieyi (Chinese painting style); Jieziyuan Huazhuan (Manual of the Mustard Seed Garden); Wu School, Zhe School; 
  • Korean periods and styles: Goguryeo Period (500 CE); Goryeo Dynasty; Joseon Dynasty; Chaekgeori (painting style, last 18th century); Japanese occupation; minhwah (colorful folk art)
  • Japanese periods and styles: Jōmon period; Yayoi period (300BCE-300CE); Nara period (710-794); Heian period (794-1185); Kamakura period (1185-1333); Muromachi period (1333-1537); Azuchi-Momoyama period (1333-1573); Edo period (1603-1868); Prewar period (1868-1945); Postwar period (1945-present); Kaiga (Japanese paintings); Ukiyo-e 
  • Indian periods and styles: Mughal painting; Deccan painting; Rajput painting; Pahari painting; Malwa and Jaunpur painting; Mysore painting; Pattachitra ; British Colonial period; Post Independence 

Selected artists: An Gyeon (Korea,15th century); Hwang Jipjung (Korea, 14th century); Kwon Young-woo (Korea, 1960s); Suh Youngsun (Korea); Ma Yuan (China,) Xia Gui (China), Li Tiefu (China); Yan Wenliang (China); Nam June Paik (Korea) 

Selected search terms: Silk Road transmission of art; Central Asian Nomad folk art; Tibetan art (mandala, monastery paintings); Buddhist art; Islamic art; Hindu art; Daoist paintings, Confucian paintings; Jain art

Australia

Australian art describes modern and historical paintings, sculptures, textile art, metal work, installations and other visual culture from indigenous Australians and the Australian continent.

Major Australian art movements: Indigenous Australia (time immemorial - present); British colonization (1788-1850); Gold rush and expansion (1851-1885); Australian impressionists (1885-1990); Federation era (1901-1914); Modern art (1920-present)

Selected search terms: Sydney rock engravings

Selected artists: William Barak (1824-1903, indigenous artist); Albert Namatjira (1902-1959, indigenous artist); George Stubbs (1724-1806, early European depiction); Port Jackson Painter (1788-1790, unknown watercolor artist); John Lewin (natural history art); John Glover (landscape artist); Conrad Martens (1801-1878, landscapes)

North America

Native American art (before Euro-American colonization) were items used in religious ceremonies or used for daily or ritual practice. Predominant Native American aesthetic forms include painting, drawing, sculpture, textiles, quill and bead embroidery, basketry, and ceramics. Themes covered in this work

Selected Indigenous Art Terms: Major regions (Great Lakes, Eastern United States, Plains, Southwest, Pacific Northwest, Arctic); Name of Tribe/Nation and medium of art, example Pueblo pottery, Mi'kmaq quillwork, Kwakwaka'wakw carving, Lakota beadwork.

Selected Indigenous Artists: Jacquie Stevens, Stan Natchez, Joseph Yoakum, Mildred Cleghorn

Themes: Collective vs. individual; Function of art; religious and secular use

Western American Art Movements: Hudson River School (1826-1870); Luminism (1850-75); Tonalism (1870-1915); American Impressionism (1880-1920); Ashcan School (1900-1915); Synchromism (1912-1924); Harlem Renaissance (1920-1940); Fourteenth Street School (1920-1940); American Regionalism (1928-1943); Social Realism (1929-1950); Abstract Expressionism/Color Field Painting/Post-Painterly/Hard Edge Abstraction (1943-1965); Neo-Dada (1952-1970); Pop art and Photo Realism (1950-1970); Minimalism (1960-present); Earth Art and Environmental Art (1960-present); Postmodernism (1960-present)

Selected Western Painters: Thomas Cole (Hudson River School); Grant Wood; John Sloan; Edward Hopper; Norman Rockwell; Andrew Wyeth; Jacob Lawrence; Jackson Pollock; Mark Rothko; Willem de Kooning; Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg; Andy Warhol; Roy Lichtenstein; Claes Oldenburg; James Rosenquist; Ed Ruscha; Chuck Close; Donald Judd; Carl Andre; Sol LeWitt; Robert Morris; Frank Stella; Richard Serra; Louise Bourgeois; Eva Hesse; Bruce Nauman; Vito Acconci; James Turrell; Barbara Kruger; Robert Smithson; Andy Goldsworthy; Jeff Koons; Judy Chicago;

Other search terms: American folk art (associated terms Edward Hicks)

Central and South America

Latin American art is loosely defined as artistic traditions that developed out of the Caribbean, Central, Meso, and South America after colonization by the Spanish and Portuguese beginning in 1492 continuing to the present. This art draws heavily from both indigenous cultures of the Americas and European culture, resulting in a unique blended tradition of visual art.

Indigenous art began before colonization, collectively known as Pre-Columbian art, featured religious and spiritual concerns.

Pre-Columbian art terms: Indigenous empires (Inca, Aztec, Maya, Olmec, Mixtex, Nahua, Toltec, Zapotec, Chimu, Quitu, Moche Nazca, Lima, Cotocollao, etc);  quipu, Olmec jade figurines and heads; Chichen Itza (Maya); codecies (e.g. Codex Borgia, ; Nazca lines; Moche ware (portrait vases); Machu Picchu;

Latin American Art Movements: Colonial period (1492-1820); Nation building 1820-1900; Costumbristas;  Modernismo (1890-1920)

Themes and Motifs: Religious and spiritual themes heavily dominate often interwoven with indigenous styles.

Selected Latin American Artists: Fray Bernardino de Sahagun; Diego Rivera (Mexico); Frida Kahlo (Mexico), Joaquin Torres-Garcia (Uruguay); Amelia Pelaez (Cuba); Tarila do Amaral (Brazil); Jose Guadalupe Posada (Mexico); Jose Clemente Orozco (Mexico); Roberto Matta (Chile); Wifredo Lam (Cuba); Rufino Tamayo (indigenous Zapotec); Siqueiros; Fernando de Szyszlo (Peru); Manabu Mabe (Brazil); Alejandro Obergon (Colombia); Gunther Gerzso (Mexico); Jesus Rafael Soto (Venezuela); Alejandro Otero (Venezuela); Nemesio Antunez (Chile); Eduardo Ramirez Villamizar (Colombia); Edgar Negret (Colombia); Eduardo MacEntyre (Argentina); Jose Luis Cuevas (Mexico); Fernando Botero (Colombia); Antonion Berni (Argentina); Armando Morales (Nicaragua); Oswaldo Viteri (Ecuador);

Selected : Codex Mendoza (1541);

Oceania

Oceanic art encompasses the visual arts of the Pacific. Historically, objects were created for religious, ceremonial, ancestral, and practical use. Modern art in this region encompasses paintings, photography, sculpture, and more. 

Geographic areas: Melanesia (Fiji, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea); Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau);  Polynesia (Cook Islands, Easter Island, Hawai'i, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Pitcairn Islands, Rotuma, Samoa, Tahiti, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna)

Themes and motifs: Honoring ancestors and genealogy; religious iconography

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